VanHTM

A flexible and lightweight (<900B gzipped minified) HTM integration for VanJS and optionally VanX, supporting control flow directives, automatic SVG namespace handling, and optional HTML entity decoding.

Here's a sample based on the simplified TODO App from VanJS.

Features

• Tagged Template HTML: Write JSX-like templates in plain JavaScript using HTM with VanJS, no build step required.
• Function Components: Create reusable component functions that work seamlessly with all VanHTM features including control flow directives.
• Control Flow Directives: Use for:each, show:when, and portal:mount for SolidJS style declarative rendering. You can also combine show:when with for:each and portal:mount to conditionally render lists and portals. Note: VanX is required only for the for:each directive.
• Automatic SVG Support: SVG elements are automatically rendered with the correct namespace. Use the vh:svg directive for excluded or ambiguous elements.
• Optional HTML Entity Decoding: Decode HTML entities in string children (requires a HTML entities library like entities, he, html-entities, etc.).
• TypeScript Support: VanHTM is written in TypeScript and provides full type definitions.

Usage

Try on CodePen

1// Script tags for including van and vanX
2// <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/vanjs-org/van/public/van-latest.nomodule.min.js"></script>
3// <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vanjs-ext/dist/van-x.nomodule.min.js"></script>
4
5// Script tags for including htm and vanHTM
6// <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/htm/dist/htm.js"></script>
7// <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vanjs-htm/dist/van-htm.js"></script>
8// The imports below can be replaced by the script tags above for htm and vanHTM
9import htm from 'htm';
10import vanHTM from 'vanjs-htm';
11
12// const { html, rmPortals } = vanHTM({ htm, van, vanX }); // This line and the one below are interchangeable
13const { html, rmPortals } = vanHTM({ htm, van, vanX: { list: vanX.list } });
14
15const el = html`
16  <div>
17    Hello,
18    <b>world</b>
19    !
20  </div>
21`;
22van.add(document.body, el);

Local Sandbox

The repository includes a sandbox environment for experimenting with VanHTM locally. To run it:

1npm install
2npm run sandbox

This will start a local development server where you can explore and test VanHTM features.

Browser Builds

VanHTM provides several prebuilt bundles for browser usage, available via CDN (e.g., jsDelivr). You can choose the build that best fits your needs.

Build output structure:

• dist/ default builds.
• dist/withDecoding/ builds that utilize HTML Entity Decoding (requires a HTML entities library like entities, he, html-entities, etc.).

Each directory contains:

• van-htm.module.js (ESM, minified, ~870B gzipped)
• van-htm.js (IIFE/global, minified, ~880B gzipped)
• van-htm.cjs (CJS, minified)
• van-htm.dev.module.js (ESM, unminified)
• van-htm.dev.js (IIFE/global, unminified)

Function Components

VanHTM supports function components, allowing you to create reusable UI components that work seamlessly with all VanHTM features including control flow directives.

Basic Function Component

Try on CodePen

1// Define a reusable component
2const Card = (props, ...children) => html`
3  <div class="card">
4    <h3>${props.title}</h3>
5    <div class="card-content">${children.length ? children : 'No children provided'}</div>
6  </div>
7`;
8
9const el = html`
10  <${Card} title="Welcome">
11    <p>This is the card content</p>
12    <button>Click me</button>
13  <//>
14`;
15
16van.add(document.body, el);

Control Flow Directives

for:each

Renders a list by looping over a reactive array or iterable. The value of for:each should be a reactive list (e.g., from vanX.reactive). The child function receives the current value, a deleter function, and the index/key.

Note: This directive requires VanX. If vanX is not provided to vanHTM() and you attempt to use for:each, an error will occur.

Try on CodePen

1const items = vanX.reactive([1, 2, 3]);
2van.add(
3  document.body,
4  html`
5    <ul for:each=${items}>
6      ${(v, deleter, k) =>
7        html`
8          <li>${v}</li>
9        `}
10    </ul>
11  `
12);

See VanX docs: Reactive List for more details on the itemFunc parameter.

show:when

Conditionally renders content based on a boolean, a VanJS state, or a function. If the condition is falsy, the show:fallback value is rendered instead (can be a primitive, a state or a function if you need reactivity).

Note: Due to how HTM works, children are evaluated (eagerly) before the show:when condition is checked. For complex children or performance-sensitive code, consider using a function to defer evaluation:

1// ❌ Expensive operation runs even when condition is false due to
2html`<div show:when=${condition}>${expensiveOperation()}</div>`
3
4// ✅ Use a function for complex/expensive children
5html`<div show:when=${condition}>${expensiveOperation}</div>`
6html`<div show:when=${condition}>${() => html`...complex children...`}</div>`
7
8// ✅ Or use a conditional function directly
9${() => condition ? html`<div>${expensiveOperation()}</div>` : ''}
10${() => condition ? html`<div>...complex children...</div>` : ''}

Try on CodePen

1const visible = van.state(true);
2const toggleButton = html`
3  <button onclick=${() => (visible.val = !visible.val)}>Toggle Visible</button>
4`;
5van.add(
6  document.body,
7  html`
8    <div>
9      ${toggleButton}
10      <div
11        show:when=${visible}
12        show:fallback=${() =>
13          html`
14            <div><b>Fallback - ${visible}</b></div>
15          `}
16      >
17        Visible - ${visible}
18      </div>
19    </div>
20  `
21);

• show:when: Accepts a boolean, a VanJS state, or a function returning a boolean.
• show:fallback: (Optional) Content to render when the condition is falsy. Can be a primitive, a state or a function if you need reactivity.

portal:mount

Renders the element into a different part of the DOM (a "portal"). The portal:mount attribute determines where the content is rendered. It can be:

• A DOM Node
• A CSS selector string (e.g., #modal-root)

Note: For rmPortals to work correctly, portals should only be the direct child of their parent element. Nesting portals deeper will prevent rmPortals from removing them properly.

Implementation Detail: VanHTM automatically adds a p:id attribute to portaled elements for internal tracking. This attribute is used by rmPortals to identify and remove the correct portal elements. You should not manually set or modify this attribute. See below for more information.

Try on CodePen

1const portalTarget = document.getElementById('portal-target');
2const containerWithPortal = html`
3  <div>
4    <div>Some content before</div>
5    <div portal:mount=${portalTarget}>Content to Portal</div>
6    <div>Some content after</div>
7    <button onclick=${() => rmPortals(containerWithPortal, portalTarget)}>Remove Portal</button>
8  </div>
9`;
10van.add(document.body, containerWithPortal);

You can also use a selector:

Try on CodePen

1const portalTargetId = '#portal-target';
2const containerWithPortal = html`
3  <div>
4    <div>Some content before</div>
5    <div portal:mount=${portalTargetId}>Content to Portal</div>
6    <div>Some content after</div>
7    <button onclick=${() => rmPortals(containerWithPortal, portalTargetId)}>Remove Portal</button>
8  </div>
9`;
10van.add(document.body, containerWithPortal);

Removing Portaled Elements

1// Removes all portaled elements created from `parentContainer` that are mounted in `portalTarget`.
2// If no portalTarget is specified, it defaults to document.body.
3rmPortals(parentContainer, portalTarget?);

Parameters:

• parentContainer (Node): The container element that contains the portal placeholder comments
• portalTarget (Element | string, optional): The target where portal content was mounted. Can be:
  • A DOM Element
  • A CSS selector string (e.g., '#modal-root', '.portal-container')
  • If omitted, defaults to document.body

Examples:

1// Remove portals mounted in a specific element
2rmPortals(containerWithPortal, document.getElementById('modal-root'));
3
4// Remove portals mounted using a CSS selector
5rmPortals(containerWithPortal, '#modal-root');
6
7// Remove portals mounted in document.body (default behavior)
8rmPortals(containerWithPortal);
9// Equivalent to:
10rmPortals(containerWithPortal, document.body);

Combining show:when with for:each and portal:mount

You can combine the show:when directive with for:each and portal:mount on the same element to conditionally render lists or portaled elements. If the show:when condition is falsy, neither the list nor the portal will be rendered, and the show:fallback (if provided) will be used instead.

Example: Conditionally render a list

Try on CodePen

1const items = vanX.reactive([1, 2, 3]);
2const showList = van.state(true);
3
4van.add(
5  document.body,
6  html`
7    <button onclick=${() => (showList.val = !showList.val)}>Toggle List</button>
8    <button onclick=${() => items.push(Object.keys(items).length + 1)}>Add item</button>
9    <ul for:each=${items} show:when=${showList}>
10      ${(v) =>
11        html`
12          <li>${v}</li>
13        `}
14    </ul>
15  `
16);

Example: Conditionally render a portal

Try on CodePen

1const getTime = () => new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
2const portalTarget = document.getElementById('portal-target');
3const showPortal = van.state(true);
4const time = van.state(getTime());
5
6const intervalId = setInterval(() => {
7  time.val = getTime();
8}, 1000);
9
10const container = html`
11  <div>
12    <div portal:mount=${portalTarget} show:when=${showPortal}>Portaled Content ${time}</div>
13    <button onclick=${() => (showPortal.val = !showPortal.val)}>Toggle Portal</button>
14  </div>
15`;
16van.add(document.getElementById('main-content'), container);

SVG Support

VanHTM automatically handles SVG elements by applying the correct namespace when rendering. This ensures that SVG elements work properly without any additional configuration.

Automatically Handled SVG Elements

The following SVG elements are automatically rendered with the SVG namespace:

Shapes: circle, ellipse, line, path, polygon, polyline, rect Container elements: svg, g, defs, symbol, use Gradient and pattern elements: linearGradient, radialGradient, stop, pattern Text elements: text, textPath, tspan Other common elements: clipPath, desc, filter, foreignObject, marker, mask

Try on CodePen

1// Basic SVG with automatic namespace handling
2const radius = van.state(30);
3const basicSVG = html`
4  <svg width="100" height="100">
5    <circle cx="50" cy="50" r=${radius} fill="lightblue" stroke="darkblue" stroke-width="2" />
6    <text x="50" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="darkblue">SVG</text>
7  </svg>
8  <br />
9  <input type="range" min="10" max="45" value=${radius} oninput=${(e) => (radius.val = parseInt(e.target.value))} />
10  <span>Radius: ${radius}</span>
11  <br />
12`;
13van.add(document.body, basicSVG);
14
15// Complex SVG with gradients and paths
16const complexSVG = html`
17  <svg width="200" height="100">
18    <defs>
19      <linearGradient id="gradient">
20        <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f00" />
21        <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#00f" />
22      </linearGradient>
23    </defs>
24    <rect x="10" y="10" width="180" height="80" fill="url(#gradient)" rx="10" />
25    <path d="M 50 50 L 150 50" stroke="white" stroke-width="3" />
26  </svg>
27`;
28van.add(document.body, complexSVG);

Excluded Elements

To keep the bundle size small, some SVG elements are excluded from automatic namespace handling:

• Animation elements: animate, animateMotion, animateTransform, set
• Filter effect elements: All fe* elements (e.g., feGaussianBlur, feBlend, feColorMatrix, etc.)
• Other elements: metadata, mpath, switch, view

vh:svg Directive

For excluded elements or when you need explicit control, use the vh:svg directive to force SVG namespace:

Try on CodePen

1// Animated SVG using vh:svg directive for excluded elements
2const animatedCircle = html`
3  <svg width="200" height="200">
4    <circle cx="100" cy="100" r="40" fill="purple">
5      <!-- animate is excluded, so we need vh:svg -->
6      <animate vh:svg attributeName="r" values="40;60;40" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite" />
7    </circle>
8  </svg>
9`;
10van.add(document.body, animatedCircle);
11
12// SVG with filter effects using vh:svg
13const blurredRect = html`
14  <svg width="200" height="200">
15    <defs>
16      <filter id="blur">
17        <!-- feGaussianBlur is excluded, so we need vh:svg -->
18        <feGaussianBlur vh:svg in="SourceGraphic" stdDeviation="5" />
19      </filter>
20    </defs>
21    <rect x="50" y="50" width="100" height="100" fill="orange" filter="url(#blur)" />
22  </svg>
23`;
24van.add(document.body, blurredRect);

Shared HTML/SVG Elements

Some elements exist in both HTML and SVG (a, script, style, title). These default to HTML namespace for compatibility:

Try on CodePen

1// Using both HTML and SVG styles
2const styledSVG = html`
3  <div>
4    <style>
5      .highlight {
6        fill: yellow;
7      }
8    </style>
9    <svg width="100" height="100">
10      <style vh:svg>
11        .svgtext {
12          font-size: 20px;
13        }
14      </style>
15      <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" class="highlight" />
16      <text x="50" y="55" text-anchor="middle" class="svgtext">Hi</text>
17    </svg>
18  </div>
19`;
20van.add(document.body, styledSVG);

Optional HTML Entity Decoding

Try on CodePen

1import { decode } from 'html-entities';
2import vanHTM from 'vanjs-htm/withDecoding';
3
4// const { html, rmPortals } = vanHTM({ htm, van, vanX, decode }); // This line and the one below are interchangeable
5const { html, rmPortals } = vanHTM({ htm, van, vanX: { list: vanX.list }, decode });
6
7// Example below
8const el = html`
9  <div>
10    Hello,
11    <b>world</b>
12    !&nbsp;&#128526;
13  </div>
14`;
15van.add(document.body, el);

API

vanHTM(options)

• htm: Required in all builds. The HTM instance.
• van: Required in all builds. The VanJS instance.
• vanX: Required only for the for:each directive. The VanJS Extension instance or an object that contains a list property set as vanX.list. If not provided and for:each is used, an error will occur.
• decode: Required in builds that include HTML Entity Decoding (vanjs-htm/withDecoding). The decode method from a HTML entities library like entities, he, html-entities, etc.

Returns:

• html: The htm template tag.
• rmPortals(parentContainer: Node, portalTarget?: Element | string): Remove portaled elements created from parentContainer. The portalTarget parameter specifies where to look for the portal content:
  • Can be an Element or a CSS selector string
  • Defaults to document.body if not provided
  • Refer to the examples here.

Technical Details

Error Handling

• Invalid for:each Data: The for:each directive relies on VanX's list function. Refer to VanX documentation for error handling behavior with invalid reactive data.
• Invalid Portal Selectors: If a CSS selector provided to portal:mount doesn't match any element, VanJS will throw an error when attempting to mount the portal content.
• Missing Portal Targets: If rmPortals is called with an invalid selector or non-existent element, the function will silently return without performing any operations.
• Missing VanX for for:each: If vanX is not provided to vanHTM() and the for:each directive is used, an error will occur.

HTM Caching Behavior

VanHTM explicitly disables HTM's template string caching mechanism by setting this[0] = 3 in the template processor. This ensures that each template evaluation creates fresh elements, which is necessary for proper VanJS reactivity and state management. Refer to HTM documentation on Caching for more information.

Portal Implementation

VanHTM automatically adds a p:id attribute to portaled elements for internal tracking. This attribute uses an auto-incrementing counter (format: p-${counter}) and is used by rmPortals to identify and remove the correct portal elements. You should not manually set or modify this attribute.

License

MIT