Zod Internationalization

This library is used to translate Zod's default error messages.

Installation

1yarn add zod-i18n-map i18next

This library depends on i18next.

How to Use

1import i18next from "i18next";
2import { z } from "zod";
3import { zodI18nMap } from "zod-i18n-map";
4// Import your language translation files
5import translation from "zod-i18n-map/locales/es/zod.json";
6
7// lng and resources key depend on your locale.
8i18next.init({
9  lng: "es",
10  resources: {
11    es: { zod: translation },
12  },
13});
14z.setErrorMap(zodI18nMap);
15
16// export configured zod instance
17export { z }

Import wherever it's required

1import { z } from "./es-zod";
2
3const schema = z.string().email();
4// Translated into Spanish (es)
5schema.parse("foo"); // => correo inválido

makeZodI18nMap

Detailed customization is possible by using makeZodI18nMap and option values.

1export type MakeZodI18nMap = (option?: ZodI18nMapOption) => ZodErrorMap;
2
3export type ZodI18nMapOption = {
4  t?: i18n["t"];
5  ns?: string | readonly string[]; // See: `Namespace`
6  handlePath?: {
7    // See: `Handling object schema keys`
8    keyPrefix?: string;
9  };
10};

Namespace (ns)

You can switch between translation files by specifying a namespace. This is useful in cases where the application handles validation messages for different purposes, e.g., validation messages for forms are for end users, while input value checks for API schemas are for developers.

The default namespace is zod.

1import i18next from "i18next";
2import { z } from "zod";
3import { makeZodI18nMap } from "zod-i18n-map";
4
5i18next.init({
6  lng: "en",
7  resources: {
8    en: {
9      zod: {
10        // default namespace
11        invalid_type: "Error: expected {{expected}}, received {{received}}",
12      },
13      formValidation: {
14        // custom namespace
15        invalid_type:
16          "it is expected to provide {{expected}} but you provided {{received}}",
17      },
18    },
19  },
20});
21
22// use default namespace
23z.setErrorMap(makeZodI18nMap());
24z.string().parse(1); // => Error: expected string, received number
25
26// select custom namespace
27z.setErrorMap(makeZodI18nMap({ ns: "formValidation" }));
28z.string().parse(1); // => it is expected to provide string but you provided number

📝 You can also specify multiple namespaces in an array.

Plurals

Messages using {{maximum}}, {{minimum}} or {{keys}} can be converted to the plural form.

Keys are i18next compliant. (https://www.i18next.com/translation-function/plurals)

1{
2  "exact_one": "String must contain exactly {{minimum}} character",
3  "exact_other": "String must contain exactly {{minimum}} characters"
4}

1import i18next from "i18next";
2import { z } from "zod";
3import { zodI18nMap } from "zod-i18n-map";
4
5i18next.init({
6  lng: "en",
7  resources: {
8    en: {
9      zod: {
10        errors: {
11          too_big: {
12            string: {
13              exact_one: "String must contain exactly {{maximum}} character",
14              exact_other: "String must contain exactly {{maximum}} characters",
15            },
16          },
17        },
18      },
19    },
20  },
21});
22
23z.setErrorMap(zodI18nMap);
24
25z.string().length(1).safeParse("abc"); // => String must contain exactly 1 character
26
27z.string().length(5).safeParse("abcdefgh"); // => String must contain exactly 5 characters

Custom errors

You can translate also custom errors, for example errors from refine.

Create a key for the custom error in a namespace and add i18n to the refine second arg(see example)

1import i18next from "i18next";
2import { z } from "zod";
3import { makeZodI18nMap } from "zod-i18n-map";
4import translation from "zod-i18n-map/locales/en/zod.json";
5
6i18next.init({
7  lng: "en",
8  resources: {
9    en: {
10      zod: translation,
11      custom: {
12        my_error_key: "Something terrible",
13        my_error_key_with_value: "Something terrible {{msg}}",
14      },
15    },
16  },
17});
18
19z.setErrorMap(makeZodI18nMap({ ns: ["zod", "custom"] }));
20
21z.string()
22  .refine(() => false, { params: { i18n: "my_error_key" } })
23  .safeParse(""); // => Something terrible
24
25// Or
26
27z.string()
28  .refine(() => false, {
29    params: {
30      i18n: { key: "my_error_key_with_value", values: { msg: "happened" } },
31    },
32  })
33  .safeParse(""); // => Something terrible happened

Handling object schema keys (handlePath)

When dealing with structured data, such as when using Zod as a validator for form input values, it is common to generate a schema with z.object. You can handle the object's key in the message by preparing messages with the key in the with_path context.

1import i18next from "i18next";
2import { z } from "zod";
3import { zodI18nMap } from "zod-i18n-map";
4
5i18next.init({
6  lng: "en",
7  resources: {
8    en: {
9      zod: {
10        errors: {
11          invalid_type: "Expected {{expected}}, received {{received}}",
12          invalid_type_with_path:
13            "{{path}} is expected {{expected}}, received {{received}}",
14        },
15        userName: "User's name",
16      },
17    },
18  },
19});
20
21z.setErrorMap(zodI18nMap);
22
23z.string().parse(1); // => Expected string, received number
24
25const schema = z.object({
26  userName: z.string(),
27});
28schema.parse({ userName: 1 }); // => User's name is expected string, received number

If _with_path is suffixed to the key of the message, that message will be adopted in the case of an object type schema. If there is no message key with _with_path, fall back to the normal error message.

Object schema keys can be handled in the message with {{path}}. By preparing the translated data for the same key as the key in the object schema, the translated value will be output in {{path}}, otherwise the key will be output as is. It is possible to access nested translation data by specifying handlePath.keyPrefix.

1i18next.init({
2  lng: "en",
3  resources: {
4    en: {
5      zod: {
6        errors: {
7          invalid_type: "Expected {{expected}}, received {{received}}",
8          invalid_type_with_path:
9            "{{- path}} is expected {{expected}}, received {{received}}",
10        },
11      },
12      form: {
13        paths: {
14          userName: "User's name",
15        },
16      },
17    },
18  },
19});
20
21z.setErrorMap(
22  zodI18nMap({
23    ns: ["zod", "form"],
24    handlePath: {
25      keyPrefix: "paths",
26    },
27  })
28);

Translation Files

zod-i18n-map contains translation files for several locales.

• Arabic(ar)
• Bulgarian(bg)
• Czech(cs)
• German(de)
• English(en)
• Spanish(es)
• Persian(fa)
• Finnish(fi)
• French(fr)
• Hebrew(he)
• Croatian(hr-Hr)
• Indonesian(id)
• Icelandic(is)
• Italian(it)
• Japanese(ja)
• Korean(ko)
• Lithuanian(lt)
• Norwegian(nb)
• Dutch(nl)
• Polish(pl)
• Portuguese(pt)
• Romanian(ro)
• Russian(ru)
• Swedish(sv)
• Turkish(tr)
• Ukrainian(uk-UA)
• Uzbek(uz)
• Chinese
  • Simplified Chinese(zh-CN)
  • Traditional Chinese(zh-TW)

It is also possible to create and edit translation files. You can use this English translation file as a basis for rewriting it in your language.

If you have created a translation file for a language not yet in the repository, please send us a pull request.

Use with next-i18next

Many users will want to use it with next-i18next (i.e. on Next.js). This example summarizes how to use with it.

Contributing

Please read CONTRIBUTING.md for details on our code of conduct, and the process for submitting pull requests to us.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details

Contributors ✨