better-sqlite3

The fastest and simplest library for SQLite in Node.js.

• Full transaction support
• High performance, efficiency, and safety
• Easy-to-use synchronous API (better concurrency than an asynchronous API... yes, you read that correctly)
• Support for user-defined functions, aggregates, virtual tables, and extensions
• 64-bit integers (invisible until you need them)
• Worker thread support (for large/slow queries)

Help this project stay strong! 💪

better-sqlite3 is used by thousands of developers and engineers on a daily basis. Long nights and weekends were spent keeping this project strong and dependable, with no ask for compensation or funding, until now. If your company uses better-sqlite3, ask your manager to consider supporting the project:

• Become a GitHub sponsor
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How other libraries compare

	select 1 row  get()	select 100 rows   all()	select 100 rows iterate() 1-by-1	insert 1 row run()	insert 100 rows in a transaction
better-sqlite3	1x	1x	1x	1x	1x
sqlite and sqlite3	11.7x slower	2.9x slower	24.4x slower	2.8x slower	15.6x slower

You can verify these results by running the benchmark yourself.

Installation

1npm install better-sqlite3

Requires Node.js v14.21.1 or later. Prebuilt binaries are available for LTS versions. If you have trouble installing, check the troubleshooting guide.

Usage

1const db = require('better-sqlite3')('foobar.db', options);
2
3const row = db.prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?').get(userId);
4console.log(row.firstName, row.lastName, row.email);

Though not required, it is generally important to set the WAL pragma for performance reasons.

1db.pragma('journal_mode = WAL');

In ES6 module notation:

1import Database from 'better-sqlite3';
2const db = new Database('foobar.db', options);
3db.pragma('journal_mode = WAL');

Why should I use this instead of node-sqlite3?

• node-sqlite3 uses asynchronous APIs for tasks that are either CPU-bound or serialized. That's not only bad design, but it wastes tons of resources. It also causes mutex thrashing which has devastating effects on performance.
• node-sqlite3 exposes low-level (C language) memory management functions. better-sqlite3 does it the JavaScript way, allowing the garbage collector to worry about memory management.
• better-sqlite3 is simpler to use, and it provides nice utilities for some operations that are very difficult or impossible in node-sqlite3.
• better-sqlite3 is much faster than node-sqlite3 in most cases, and just as fast in all other cases.

When is this library not appropriate?

In most cases, if you're attempting something that cannot be reasonably accomplished with better-sqlite3, it probably cannot be reasonably accomplished with SQLite in general. For example, if you're executing queries that take one second to complete, and you expect to have many concurrent users executing those queries, no amount of asynchronicity will save you from SQLite's serialized nature. Fortunately, SQLite is very very fast. With proper indexing, we've been able to achieve upward of 2000 queries per second with 5-way-joins in a 60 GB database, where each query was handling 5–50 kilobytes of real data.

If you have a performance problem, the most likely causes are inefficient queries, improper indexing, or a lack of WAL mode—not better-sqlite3 itself. However, there are some cases where better-sqlite3 could be inappropriate:

• If you expect a high volume of concurrent reads each returning many megabytes of data (i.e., videos)
• If you expect a high volume of concurrent writes (i.e., a social media site)
• If your database's size is near the terabyte range

For these situations, you should probably use a full-fledged RDBMS such as PostgreSQL.

Upgrading

Upgrading your better-sqlite3 dependency can potentially introduce breaking changes, either in the better-sqlite3 API (if you upgrade to a new major version), or between your existing database(s) and the underlying version of SQLite. Before upgrading, review:

• better-sqlite3 release notes
• SQLite release history

Documentation

• API documentation
• Performance (also see benchmark results)
• 64-bit integer support
• Worker thread support
• Unsafe mode (advanced)
• SQLite compilation (advanced)
• Contribution rules
• Code of conduct

License

MIT