Gathering detailed insights and metrics for remark-rehype
Gathering detailed insights and metrics for remark-rehype
plugin that turns markdown into HTML to support rehype
Installations
npm install remark-rehypeDeveloper Guide
BETA
Typescript
Yes
Module System
ESM
Node Version
23.9.0
NPM Version
11.2.0
Releases
26
Languages
1
JavaScript
JavaScript (100%)
Developer
Download Statistics
Total Downloads
0
Last Day
0
Last Week
0
Last Month
0
Last Year
0
GitHub Statistics
MIT License
304 Stars
155 Commits
19 Forks
9 Watchers
1 Branches
15 Contributors
Updated on Jul 06, 2025
Sponsor this package
Maintainers
3
Package Meta Information
Latest Version
11.1.2
Package Id
remark-rehype@11.1.2
Unpacked Size
47.17 kB
Size
11.45 kB
File Count
9
NPM Version
11.2.0
Node Version
23.9.0
Published on
Apr 02, 2025
Total Downloads
Cumulative downloads
Total Downloads
NaN
Last Day
0%
NaN
Compared to previous day
Last Week
0%
NaN
Compared to previous week
Last Month
0%
NaN
Compared to previous month
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Weekly Downloads
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remark-rehype
remark plugin that turns markdown into HTML to support rehype.
Contents
- What is this?
- When should I use this?
- Install
- Use
- API
- Examples
- HTML
- CSS
- Syntax tree
- Types
- Compatibility
- Security
- Related
- Contribute
- License
What is this?
This package is a unified (remark)
plugin that switches from remark (the markdown ecosystem)
to rehype (the HTML ecosystem).
It does this by transforming the current markdown (mdast) syntax tree into an
HTML (hast) syntax tree.
remark plugins deal with mdast and rehype plugins deal with hast,
so plugins used after remark-rehype have to be rehype plugins.
The reason that there are different ecosystems for markdown and HTML is that
turning markdown into HTML is,
while frequently needed,
not the only purpose of markdown.
Checking (linting) and formatting markdown are also common use cases for
remark and markdown.
There are several aspects of markdown that do not translate 1-to-1 to HTML.
In some cases markdown contains more information than HTML:
for example,
there are several ways to add a link in markdown
(as in,
autolinks: <https://url>,
resource links: [label](url),
and reference links with definitions:
[label][id] and [id]: url).
In other cases HTML contains more information than markdown:
there are many tags,
which add new meaning (semantics),
available in HTML that aren’t available in markdown.
If there was just one AST,
it would be quite hard to perform the tasks that several remark and rehype
plugins currently do.
When should I use this?
This project is useful when you want to turn markdown to HTML. It opens up a whole new ecosystem with tons of plugins to do all kinds of things. You can minify HTML, format HTML, make sure it’s safe, highlight code, add metadata, and a lot more.
A different plugin,
rehype-raw,
adds support for raw HTML written inside markdown.
This is a separate plugin because supporting HTML inside markdown is a heavy
task (performance and bundle size) and not always needed.
To use both together,
you also have to configure remark-rehype with allowDangerousHtml: true and
then use rehype-raw.
The rehype plugin rehype-remark does the inverse of
this plugin.
It turns HTML into markdown.
If you don’t use plugins and want to access syntax trees,
you can use
mdast-util-to-hast.
Install
This package is ESM only. In Node.js (version 16+), install with npm:
1npm install remark-rehype
In Deno with esm.sh:
1import remarkRehype from 'https://esm.sh/remark-rehype@11'
In browsers with esm.sh:
1<script type="module"> 2 import remarkRehype from 'https://esm.sh/remark-rehype@11?bundle' 3</script>
Use
Say our document example.md contains:
1# Pluto 2 3**Pluto** (minor-planet designation: **134340 Pluto**) is a 4[dwarf planet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet) in the 5[Kuiper belt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt).
…and our module example.js contains:
1import rehypeDocument from 'rehype-document' 2import rehypeFormat from 'rehype-format' 3import rehypeStringify from 'rehype-stringify' 4import remarkParse from 'remark-parse' 5import remarkRehype from 'remark-rehype' 6import {read} from 'to-vfile' 7import {unified} from 'unified' 8import {reporter} from 'vfile-reporter' 9 10const file = await unified() 11 .use(remarkParse) 12 .use(remarkRehype) 13 .use(rehypeDocument) 14 .use(rehypeFormat) 15 .use(rehypeStringify) 16 .process(await read('example.md')) 17 18console.error(reporter(file)) 19console.log(String(file))
…then running node example.js yields:
1example.md: no issues found
1<!doctype html> 2<html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="utf-8"> 5 <title>example</title> 6 <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> 7 </head> 8 <body> 9 <h1>Pluto</h1> 10 <p> 11 <strong>Pluto</strong> (minor-planet designation: <strong>134340 Pluto</strong>) is a 12 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet">dwarf planet</a> in the 13 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt">Kuiper belt</a>. 14 </p> 15 </body> 16</html>
API
This package exports the identifiers
defaultFootnoteBackContent,
defaultFootnoteBackLabel,
and
defaultHandlers.
The default export is remarkRehype.
defaultFootnoteBackContent(referenceIndex, rereferenceIndex)
See defaultFootnoteBackContent from
mdast-util-to-hast.
defaultFootnoteBackLabel(referenceIndex, rereferenceIndex)
See defaultFootnoteBackLabel from
mdast-util-to-hast.
defaultHandlers
See defaultHandlers from
mdast-util-to-hast.
unified().use(remarkRehype[, destination][, options])
Turn markdown into HTML.
Parameters
Returns
Transform (Transformer).
Notes
Signature
- if a processor is given, runs the (rehype) plugins used on it with a hast tree, then discards the result (bridge mode)
- otherwise,
returns a hast tree,
the plugins used after
remarkRehypeare rehype plugins (mutate mode)
👉 Note: it’s highly unlikely that you want to pass a
processor.
HTML
Raw HTML is available in mdast as html nodes and can be
embedded in hast as semistandard raw nodes.
Most plugins ignore raw nodes but two notable ones don’t:
rehype-stringifyalso has an optionallowDangerousHtmlwhich will output the raw HTML; this is typically discouraged as noted by the option name but is useful if you completely trust authorsrehype-rawcan handle the raw embedded HTML strings by parsing them into standard hast nodes (element,text, etc); This is a heavy task as it needs a full HTML parser, but it is the only way to support untrusted content
Footnotes
Many options supported here relate to footnotes.
Footnotes are not specified by CommonMark,
which we follow by default.
They are supported by GitHub,
so footnotes can be enabled in markdown with remark-gfm.
The options footnoteBackLabel and footnoteLabel define natural language
that explains footnotes,
which is hidden for sighted users but shown to assistive technology.
When your page is not in English,
you must define translated values.
Back references use ARIA attributes,
but the section label itself uses a heading that is hidden with an
sr-only class.
To show it to sighted users,
define different attributes in footnoteLabelProperties.
Clobbering
Footnotes introduces a problem,
as it links footnote calls to footnote definitions on the page through id
attributes generated from user content,
which results in DOM clobbering.
DOM clobbering is this:
1<p id=x></p> 2<script>alert(x) // `x` now refers to the DOM `p#x` element</script>
Elements by their ID are made available by browsers on the window object,
which is a security risk.
Using a prefix solves this problem.
More information on how to handle clobbering and the prefix is explained in
Example: headings (DOM clobbering) in
rehype-sanitize.
Unknown nodes
Unknown nodes are nodes with a type that isn’t in handlers or passThrough.
The default behavior for unknown nodes is:
- when the node has a
value(and doesn’t havedata.hName,data.hProperties, ordata.hChildren, see later), create a hasttextnode - otherwise,
create a
<div>element (which could be changed withdata.hName), with its children mapped from mdast to hast as well
This behavior can be changed by passing an unknownHandler.
Options
Configuration (TypeScript type).
Fields
allowDangerousHtml(boolean, default:false) — whether to persist raw HTML in markdown in the hast treeclobberPrefix(string, default:'user-content-') — prefix to use before theidproperty on footnotes to prevent them from clobberingfootnoteBackContent(FootnoteBackContentTemplatefrommdast-util-to-hastorstring, default:defaultFootnoteBackContentfrommdast-util-to-hast) — content of the backreference back to referencesfootnoteBackLabel(FootnoteBackLabelTemplatefrommdast-util-to-hastorstring, default:defaultFootnoteBackLabelfrommdast-util-to-hast) — label to describe the backreference back to referencesfootnoteLabel(string, default:'Footnotes') — label to use for the footnotes section (affects screen readers)footnoteLabelProperties(Propertiesfrom@types/hast, default:{className: ['sr-only']}) — properties to use on the footnote label (note thatid: 'footnote-label'is always added as footnote calls use it witharia-describedbyto provide an accessible label)footnoteLabelTagName(string, default:h2) — tag name to use for the footnote labelhandlers(Handlersfrommdast-util-to-hast, optional) — extra handlers for nodespassThrough(Array<Nodes['type']>, optional) — list of custom mdast node types to pass through (keep) in hast (note that the node itself is passed, but eventual children are transformed)unknownHandler(Handlerfrommdast-util-to-hast, optional) — handle all unknown nodes
Examples
Example: supporting HTML in markdown naïvely
If you completely trust the authors of the input markdown and want to allow them
to write HTML inside markdown,
you can pass allowDangerousHtml to remark-rehype and rehype-stringify:
1import rehypeStringify from 'rehype-stringify' 2import remarkParse from 'remark-parse' 3import remarkRehype from 'remark-rehype' 4import {unified} from 'unified' 5 6const file = await unified() 7 .use(remarkParse) 8 .use(remarkRehype, {allowDangerousHtml: true}) 9 .use(rehypeStringify, {allowDangerousHtml: true}) 10 .process('<a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" onclick="alert(1)">Dysnomia</a>') 11 12console.log(String(file))
Yields:
1<p><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" onclick="alert(1)">Dysnomia</a></p>
⚠️ Danger: observe that the XSS attack through
onclickis present.
Example: supporting HTML in markdown properly
If you do not trust the authors of the input markdown,
or if you want to make sure that rehype plugins can see HTML embedded in
markdown,
use rehype-raw.
The following example passes allowDangerousHtml to remark-rehype,
then turns the raw embedded HTML into proper HTML nodes with rehype-raw,
and finally sanitizes the HTML by only allowing safe things with
rehype-sanitize:
1import rehypeSanitize from 'rehype-sanitize' 2import rehypeStringify from 'rehype-stringify' 3import rehypeRaw from 'rehype-raw' 4import remarkParse from 'remark-parse' 5import remarkRehype from 'remark-rehype' 6import {unified} from 'unified' 7 8const file = await unified() 9 .use(remarkParse) 10 .use(remarkRehype, {allowDangerousHtml: true}) 11 .use(rehypeRaw) 12 .use(rehypeSanitize) 13 .use(rehypeStringify) 14 .process('<a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" onclick="alert(1)">Dysnomia</a>') 15 16console.log(String(file))
Running that code yields:
1<p><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)">Dysnomia</a></p>
⚠️ Danger: observe that the XSS attack through
onclickis not present.
Example: footnotes in languages other than English
If you know that the markdown is authored in a language other than English,
and you’re using remark-gfm to match how GitHub renders markdown,
and you know that footnotes are (or can?) be used,
you should translate the labels associated with them.
Let’s first set the stage:
1import {unified} from 'unified' 2import remarkParse from 'remark-parse' 3import remarkGfm from 'remark-gfm' 4import remarkRehype from 'remark-rehype' 5import rehypeStringify from 'rehype-stringify' 6 7const doc = ` 8Ceres ist nach der römischen Göttin des Ackerbaus benannt; 9ihr astronomisches Symbol ist daher eine stilisierte Sichel: ⚳.[^nasa-2015] 10 11[^nasa-2015]: JPL/NASA: 12 [*What is a Dwarf Planet?*](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/what-is-a-dwarf-planet) 13 In: Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 14 22. April 2015, 15 abgerufen am 19. Januar 2022 (englisch). 16` 17 18const file = await unified() 19 .use(remarkParse) 20 .use(remarkGfm) 21 .use(remarkRehype) 22 .use(rehypeStringify) 23 .process(doc) 24 25console.log(String(file))
Yields:
1<p>Ceres ist nach der römischen Göttin des Ackerbaus benannt; 2ihr astronomisches Symbol ist daher eine stilisierte Sichel: ⚳.<sup><a href="#user-content-fn-nasa-2015" id="user-content-fnref-nasa-2015" data-footnote-ref aria-describedby="footnote-label">1</a></sup></p> 3<section data-footnotes class="footnotes"><h2 class="sr-only" id="footnote-label">Footnotes</h2> 4<ol> 5<li id="user-content-fn-nasa-2015"> 6<p>JPL/NASA: 7<a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/what-is-a-dwarf-planet"><em>What is a Dwarf Planet?</em></a> 8In: Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 922. April 2015, 10abgerufen am 19. Januar 2022 (englisch). <a href="#user-content-fnref-nasa-2015" data-footnote-backref="" aria-label="Back to reference 1" class="data-footnote-backref">↩</a></p> 11</li> 12</ol> 13</section>
This is a mix of English and German that isn’t very accessible, such as that screen readers can’t handle it nicely. Let’s say our program does know that the markdown is in German. In that case, it’s important to translate and define the labels relating to footnotes so that screen reader users can properly pronounce the page:
1@@ -18,7 +18,16 @@ ihr astronomisches Symbol ist daher eine stilisierte Sichel: ⚳.[^nasa-2015] 2 const file = await unified() 3 .use(remarkParse) 4 .use(remarkGfm) 5- .use(remarkRehype) 6+ .use(remarkRehype, { 7+ footnoteBackLabel(referenceIndex, rereferenceIndex) { 8+ return ( 9+ 'Hochspringen nach: ' + 10+ (referenceIndex + 1) + 11+ (rereferenceIndex > 1 ? '-' + rereferenceIndex : '') 12+ ) 13+ }, 14+ footnoteLabel: 'Fußnoten' 15+ }) 16 .use(rehypeStringify) 17 .process(doc)
Running the code with the above patch applied, yields:
1@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ 2 <p>Ceres ist nach der römischen Göttin des Ackerbaus benannt; 3 ihr astronomisches Symbol ist daher eine stilisierte Sichel: ⚳.<sup><a href="#user-content-fn-nasa-2015" id="user-content-fnref-nasa-2015" data-footnote-ref aria-describedby="footnote-label">1</a></sup></p> 4-<section data-footnotes class="footnotes"><h2 class="sr-only" id="footnote-label">Footnotes</h2> 5+<section data-footnotes class="footnotes"><h2 class="sr-only" id="footnote-label">Fußnoten</h2> 6 <ol> 7 <li id="user-content-fn-nasa-2015"> 8 <p>JPL/NASA: 9 <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/what-is-a-dwarf-planet"><em>What is a Dwarf Planet?</em></a> 10 In: Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 11 22. April 2015, 12-abgerufen am 19. Januar 2022 (englisch). <a href="#user-content-fnref-nasa-2015" data-footnote-backref="" aria-label="Back to reference 1" class="data-footnote-backref">↩</a></p> 13+abgerufen am 19. Januar 2022 (englisch). <a href="#user-content-fnref-nasa-2015" data-footnote-backref="" aria-label="Hochspringen nach: 1" class="data-footnote-backref">↩</a></p> 14 </li> 15 </ol> 16 </section>
HTML
See Algorithm in
mdast-util-to-hast
for info on how mdast (markdown) nodes are transformed to hast (HTML).
CSS
Assuming you know how to use (semantic) HTML and CSS, then it should generally be straightforward to style the HTML produced by this plugin. With CSS, you can get creative and style the results as you please.
Some semistandard features,
notably GFMs tasklists and footnotes,
generate HTML that be unintuitive,
as it matches exactly what GitHub produces for their website.
There is a project,
sindresorhus/github-markdown-css,
that exposes the stylesheet that GitHub uses for rendered markdown,
which might either be inspirational for more complex features,
or can be used as-is to exactly match how GitHub styles rendered markdown.
The following CSS is needed to make footnotes look a bit like GitHub:
1/* Style the footnotes section. */ 2.footnotes { 3 font-size: smaller; 4 color: #8b949e; 5 border-top: 1px solid #30363d; 6} 7 8/* Hide the section label for visual users. */ 9.sr-only { 10 position: absolute; 11 width: 1px; 12 height: 1px; 13 padding: 0; 14 overflow: hidden; 15 clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); 16 word-wrap: normal; 17 border: 0; 18} 19 20/* Place `[` and `]` around footnote calls. */ 21[data-footnote-ref]::before { 22 content: '['; 23} 24 25[data-footnote-ref]::after { 26 content: ']'; 27}
Syntax tree
This projects turns mdast (markdown) into hast (HTML).
It extends mdast by supporting data fields on mdast nodes to specify how they
should be transformed.
See Fields on nodes in
mdast-util-to-hast
for info on how these fields work.
It extends hast by using a semistandard raw nodes for raw HTML. See the HTML note above for more info.
Types
This package is fully typed with TypeScript.
It exports the types
Options.
The types of mdast-util-to-hast can be referenced to register data fields
with @types/mdast and Raw nodes with @types/hast.
1/** 2 * @import {Root as HastRoot} from 'hast' 3 * @import {Root as MdastRoot} from 'mdast' 4 * @import {} from 'mdast-util-to-hast' 5 */ 6 7import {visit} from 'unist-util-visit' 8 9const mdastNode = /** @type {MdastRoot} */ ({/* … */}) 10console.log(mdastNode.data?.hName) // Typed as `string | undefined`. 11 12const hastNode = /** @type {HastRoot} */ ({/* … */}) 13 14visit(hastNode, function (node) { 15 // `node` can now be `raw`. 16})
Compatibility
Projects maintained by the unified collective are compatible with maintained versions of Node.js.
When we cut a new major release,
we drop support for unmaintained versions of Node.
This means we try to keep the current release line,
remark-rehype@11,
compatible with Node.js 16.
This plugin works with unified version 6+,
remark-parse version 3+
(used in remark version 7),
and rehype-stringify version 3+
(used in rehype version 5).
Security
Use of remark-rehype can open you up to a
cross-site scripting (XSS) attack.
Embedded hast properties
(hName, hProperties, hChildren)
in mdast,
custom handlers,
and the allowDangerousHtml option all provide openings.
Use rehype-sanitize to make the tree safe.
Related
rehype-raw— rehype plugin to parse the tree again and supportrawnodesrehype-sanitize— rehype plugin to sanitize HTMLrehype-remark— rehype plugin to turn HTML into markdownrehype-retext— rehype plugin to support retextremark-retext— remark plugin to support retext
Contribute
See contributing.md in remarkjs/.github
for ways to get started.
See support.md for ways to get help.
This project has a code of conduct. By interacting with this repository, organization, or community you agree to abide by its terms.
License
No vulnerabilities found.
Reason
no dangerous workflow patterns detected
Reason
no binaries found in the repo
Reason
license file detected
Details
- Info: project has a license file: license:0
- Info: FSF or OSI recognized license: MIT License: license:0
Reason
0 existing vulnerabilities detected
Reason
security policy file detected
Details
- Info: security policy file detected: github.com/remarkjs/.github/security.md:1
- Info: Found linked content: github.com/remarkjs/.github/security.md:1
- Info: Found disclosure, vulnerability, and/or timelines in security policy: github.com/remarkjs/.github/security.md:1
- Info: Found text in security policy: github.com/remarkjs/.github/security.md:1
Reason
Found 0/30 approved changesets -- score normalized to 0
Reason
no SAST tool detected
Details
- Warn: no pull requests merged into dev branch
Reason
dependency not pinned by hash detected -- score normalized to 0
Details
- Warn: third-party GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/bb.yml:5: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/remarkjs/remark-rehype/bb.yml/main?enable=pin
- Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/main.yml:6: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/remarkjs/remark-rehype/main.yml/main?enable=pin
- Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/main.yml:7: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/remarkjs/remark-rehype/main.yml/main?enable=pin
- Warn: third-party GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/main.yml:12: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/remarkjs/remark-rehype/main.yml/main?enable=pin
- Warn: npmCommand not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/main.yml:11
- Info: 0 out of 2 GitHub-owned GitHubAction dependencies pinned
- Info: 0 out of 2 third-party GitHubAction dependencies pinned
- Info: 0 out of 1 npmCommand dependencies pinned
Reason
0 commit(s) and 0 issue activity found in the last 90 days -- score normalized to 0
Reason
detected GitHub workflow tokens with excessive permissions
Details
- Warn: no topLevel permission defined: .github/workflows/bb.yml:1
- Warn: no topLevel permission defined: .github/workflows/main.yml:1
- Info: no jobLevel write permissions found
Reason
no effort to earn an OpenSSF best practices badge detected
Reason
project is not fuzzed
Details
- Warn: no fuzzer integrations found
Reason
branch protection not enabled on development/release branches
Details
- Warn: branch protection not enabled for branch 'main'
Score
4.1
/10
Last Scanned on 2025-06-30
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